PROBLEM- BLUE SOLUTION- RED SECOND GENERATION PROBLEM- BLACK BACKGROUND-PINK
The kudzu invasion of the past few decades saw whole forests overgrown in the Southeast, along with hedgerows, power lines and even houses. (A277304583&docType=GALE&role=ITOF)
Locals say, "Don't sit still too long. It can grow a foot a day." Folk legends in Georgia warn people to close windows at night to keep "the green menace" out. Rumors call it the "mile a minute vine"--able to swallow up a house or even an inattentive cow. A poet describes these plants as "green, mindless, unkillable ghosts."
Research from http://web.ebscohost.com/scirc/detail?vid=8&sid=18a74205-e068-4832-9ce8-2c52e67e65b8%40sessionmgr10&hid=9&bdata=JnNpdGU9c2NpcmMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=8727406 -kudzu- exotic vine that grows well. It is beautiful with purple flowers and has a scent of grapes -first exhibited by Japan at the Philidelphia exposition by 1876. People were mazed at the vine and visitors came by to the exposition to marvel how fast kudzu could grow. -some people bought cuttings & planted the vine to climb up over porches & shade them from the summer sun -they didn't know kudzu grew rapidly in warm, moist climate of the south. -there were no predators/ defenses in Ameica that would slow growth -charlie & lillie pleas discovered kudzu could enrich soil & promoted it & started sending cuttings through the mail railroad company started to give the vine away to encourage farmers to grow it The government also got involved when it decided kudzu might be a way to restore the dry soil of the South that had been worn out by too much cotton, corn, and tobacco farming During the 1940s, the exotic plant was very popular Some people started to notice strange things. Wherever kudzu grew, other plants could not survive became an invader in paradise plant has a super root system that helps it to maintain this position. As vines spread out in all directions, every leaf node that touches the ground becomes a new plant. Each of these plants grows deep roots able to reach water unavailable to other plants, While the plant can be burned at the surface, its roots can sit dormant for up to ten years and then grow again. Kudzu is now flourishing beyond anyone's wildest dreams as it drapes across seven million acres of the American South. The thick, tangled vines cling and climb over everything in their path and then droop and billow, creating the look of a fantasy land. They can bury a car in a few weeks, smother a house over a summer, and cause trains to slip and stall as the vines creep over railroad tracks. Vines shoot up telephone poles and ruin transformers. They cover up road signs and cause accidents. They can even climb trees a hundred feet tall and then smother and destroy entire forests Some say that the South is fighting another war and losing
Invasive species such as kudzu can devastate ecosystems, and, until now, scientists had little reason to believe that native plants could mount a successful defense.
PROBLEM: The soils of the south were poor and in lack of nitrogen wanted to restore the dry soil of the South that had been worn out by too much cotton, corn, and tobacco farming
SOLUTION: Kudzu plant was discovered in Japan at the 1876 eposition. originally introduced into the United States as an ornamental vine at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876. At first it was brought here because of its beauty planted by porches so the vine could climb up and shade them from the sun. They soon found out kudzu could enrich soils. Charlie and Lillie pleas sent cuttings in the mail to promote the plant. Railroad companies and even the US government paid people up to $8 an acre to plant the plant. Kudzu was widely promoted as a drought-resistant, high-nitrogen forage crop Researchers at Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital outside Boston report that heavy drinkers who took a concentrated extract of kudzu root for only one week downed a lot less beer Researchers aren't sure how it works, but Lukas suspects that active ingredients called isoflavones in the kudzu root increase blood flow, which helps alcohol get to the brain faster. This means drinkers "are getting cues that say, 'I'm feeling good, I'm OK, no need to suck down this entire beer,'" he said Lukas said he used a kudzu extract prepared in the lab because a chemical analysis showed that kudzu from health food stores did not contain the amount of active ingredients claimed on the label. Chinese herbalists and consumers use kudzu for many things besides alcohol-related problems, such as migraines, upset stomach, fever and allergies. Adventurous cooks make kudzu jelly, chips, even wine and quiche -control soil erosion http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY3451-0-2541&artno=0000214273&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=Kudzu&title=Research%20Shows%20Root%20Extract%20May%20Curb%20Excess%20Alcohol%20Consumption&res=Y&ren=N&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N
SECONDARY PROBLEM: People didn't know how fast kudzu could grow
Wherever kudzu grew, other plants could not survive
When farmers tried to harvest it as a hay, the twisting mess of vines made cutting almost impossible Kudzu was beginning to look like a major pest, choking out native plants and providing unwanted hiding places for green snakes
plant has a super root system that helps it to maintain this position
As vines spread out in all directions, every leaf node that touches the ground becomes a new plant. Each of these plants grows deep roots able to reach water unavailable to other plants.
the plant can be burned at the surface, its roots can sit dormant for up to ten years and then grow again.
thick, tangled vines cling and climb over everything in their path and then droop and billow, creating the look of a fantasy land. They can bury a car in a few weeks, smother a house over a summer, and cause trains to slip and stall as the vines creep over railroad tracks. Vines shoot up telephone poles and ruin transformers. They cover up road signs and cause accidents. They can even climb trees a hundred feet tall and then smother and destroy entire forests!
Thousands of people with jobs in power companies, railroads, and traffic departments battle with kudzu every day. Some say that the South is fighting another war and losing. It costs these businesses $20 million annually just to keep up
Sometimes the best way to cut through kudzu is with a chain saw. It takes years of persistence to clear it from an area. Overgrazing with cattle can help, and three different chemicals, called herbicides, can sometimes kill it. But the chemicals can also harm other plants and animals in the area.
In the South, kudzu has smothered millions of acres of forest and all else in its path, including bridges, buildings, signs, utility poles and cars.
Mowing and herbicides can help stop invasion. Researchers are looking at the root-eating insects in China and are investigating the deployment of a military force: armyworms. Really caterpillars, armyworms chow down on kudzu. the key to the plan is that the army must be sterile, so it disappears after it finishes off the kudzu
In the past year, however, a scientist has heard of kudzu setting seed in North Carolina and Illinois. With seed comes the potential for genetic recombination--which could mean different kinds of kudzu, with different characteristics. "We may get types that are even worse," scientist, Randall warns http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY3451-0-2541&artno=0000099629&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=Kudzu&title=Alien%20Invasion&res=Y&ren=N&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N
1998, kudzu was listed by the U.S. Congress as a Federal Noxious Weed.
Few plants can survive once smothered by kudzu. It does not strangle competition, but simply blankets trees with a dense canopy, through which little light can penetrate.
Kudzu is distributed south as far as Florida, and as far west as eastern Oklahoma and Texas. The most severe infestations occur in the piedmont regions of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. https://dnr.state.il.us/Stewardship/cd/biocontrol/25Kudzu.html
the plant produces the chemicals isoprene and nitric oxide, which combine with atmospheric nitrogen to produce ozone. Although it acts as a shield against UV rays in the upper atmosphere, at ground level, ozone is a pollutant that causes significant health problems in humans--including lung damage that can lead, to asthma and lung cancer--and can hinder growth in plants, including crops. A232176854&docType=GALE&role=
SOLUTION- RED
SECOND GENERATION PROBLEM- BLACK
BACKGROUND-PINK
The kudzu invasion of the past few decades saw whole forests overgrown in the Southeast, along with hedgerows, power lines and even houses. (A277304583&docType=GALE&role=ITOF)
http://web.ebscohost.com/scirc/detail?vid=6&sid=c81d4351-7a1c-45f1-9ff4-ec135c90644a%40sessionmgr104&hid=108&bdata=JnNpdGU9c2NpcmMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=8727406
Locals say, "Don't sit still too long. It can grow a foot a day." Folk legends in Georgia warn people to close windows at night to keep "the green menace" out. Rumors call it the "mile a minute vine"--able to swallow up a house or even an inattentive cow. A poet describes these plants as "green, mindless, unkillable ghosts."
Research from
http://web.ebscohost.com/scirc/detail?vid=8&sid=18a74205-e068-4832-9ce8-2c52e67e65b8%40sessionmgr10&hid=9&bdata=JnNpdGU9c2NpcmMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=8727406
-kudzu- exotic vine that grows well. It is beautiful with purple flowers and has a scent of grapes
-first exhibited by Japan at the Philidelphia exposition by 1876. People were mazed at the vine and visitors came by to the exposition to marvel how fast kudzu could grow.
-some people bought cuttings & planted the vine to climb up over porches & shade them from the summer sun
-they didn't know kudzu grew rapidly in warm, moist climate of the south.
-there were no predators/ defenses in Ameica that would slow growth
-charlie & lillie pleas discovered kudzu could enrich soil & promoted it & started sending cuttings through the mail
railroad company started to give the vine away to encourage farmers to grow it
The government also got involved when it decided kudzu might be a way to restore the dry soil of the South that had been worn out by too much cotton, corn, and tobacco farming
During the 1940s, the exotic plant was very popular
Some people started to notice strange things. Wherever kudzu grew, other plants could not survive
became an invader in paradise
plant has a super root system that helps it to maintain this position. As vines spread out in all directions, every leaf node that touches the ground becomes a new plant. Each of these plants grows deep roots able to reach water unavailable to other plants, While the plant can be burned at the surface, its roots can sit dormant for up to ten years and then grow again.
Kudzu is now flourishing beyond anyone's wildest dreams as it drapes across seven million acres of the American South. The thick, tangled vines cling and climb over everything in their path and then droop and billow, creating the look of a fantasy land. They can bury a car in a few weeks, smother a house over a summer, and cause trains to slip and stall as the vines creep over railroad tracks. Vines shoot up telephone poles and ruin transformers. They cover up road signs and cause accidents. They can even climb trees a hundred feet tall and then smother and destroy entire forests
Some say that the South is fighting another war and losing
Invasive species such as kudzu can devastate ecosystems, and, until now, scientists had little reason to believe that native plants could mount a successful defense.
PROBLEM:
The soils of the south were poor and in lack of nitrogen
wanted to restore the dry soil of the South that had been worn out by too much cotton, corn, and tobacco farming
SOLUTION:
Kudzu plant was discovered in Japan at the 1876 eposition.
originally introduced into the United States as an ornamental vine at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876.
At first it was brought here because of its beauty planted by porches so the vine could climb up and shade them from the sun.
They soon found out kudzu could enrich soils.
Charlie and Lillie pleas sent cuttings in the mail to promote the plant.
Railroad companies and even the US government paid people up to $8 an acre to plant the plant.
Kudzu was widely promoted as a drought-resistant, high-nitrogen forage crop
Researchers at Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital outside Boston report that heavy drinkers who took a concentrated extract of kudzu root for only one week downed a lot less beer
Researchers aren't sure how it works, but Lukas suspects that active ingredients called isoflavones in the kudzu root increase blood flow, which helps alcohol get to the brain faster. This means drinkers "are getting cues that say, 'I'm feeling good, I'm OK, no need to suck down this entire beer,'" he said
Lukas said he used a kudzu extract prepared in the lab because a chemical analysis showed that kudzu from health food stores did not contain the amount of active ingredients claimed on the label.
Chinese herbalists and consumers use kudzu for many things besides alcohol-related problems, such as migraines, upset stomach, fever and allergies. Adventurous cooks make kudzu jelly, chips, even wine and quiche
-control soil erosion
http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY3451-0-2541&artno=0000214273&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=Kudzu&title=Research%20Shows%20Root%20Extract%20May%20Curb%20Excess%20Alcohol%20Consumption&res=Y&ren=N&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N
SECONDARY PROBLEM:
People didn't know how fast kudzu could grow
Wherever kudzu grew, other plants could not survive
When farmers tried to harvest it as a hay, the twisting mess of vines made cutting almost impossible
Kudzu was beginning to look like a major pest, choking out native plants and providing unwanted hiding places for green snakes
plant has a super root system that helps it to maintain this position
As vines spread out in all directions, every leaf node that touches the ground becomes a new plant. Each of these plants grows deep roots able to reach water unavailable to other plants.
the plant can be burned at the surface, its roots can sit dormant for up to ten years and then grow again.
thick, tangled vines cling and climb over everything in their path and then droop and billow, creating the look of a fantasy land. They can bury a car in a few weeks, smother a house over a summer, and cause trains to slip and stall as the vines creep over railroad tracks. Vines shoot up telephone poles and ruin transformers. They cover up road signs and cause accidents. They can even climb trees a hundred feet tall and then smother and destroy entire forests!
Thousands of people with jobs in power companies, railroads, and traffic departments battle with kudzu every day. Some say that the South is fighting another war and losing. It costs these businesses $20 million annually just to keep up
Sometimes the best way to cut through kudzu is with a chain saw. It takes years of persistence to clear it from an area. Overgrazing with cattle can help, and three different chemicals, called herbicides, can sometimes kill it. But the chemicals can also harm other plants and animals in the area.
In the South, kudzu has smothered millions of acres of forest and all else in its path, including bridges, buildings, signs, utility poles and cars.
Mowing and herbicides can help stop invasion. Researchers are looking at the root-eating insects in China and are investigating the deployment of a military force: armyworms. Really caterpillars, armyworms chow down on kudzu. the key to the plan is that the army must be sterile, so it disappears after it finishes off the kudzu
In the past year, however, a scientist has heard of kudzu setting seed in North Carolina and Illinois. With seed comes the potential for genetic recombination--which could mean different kinds of kudzu, with different characteristics. "We may get types that are even worse," scientist, Randall warns
http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY3451-0-2541&artno=0000099629&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=Kudzu&title=Alien%20Invasion&res=Y&ren=N&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=N
1998, kudzu was listed by the U.S. Congress as a Federal Noxious Weed.
Few plants can survive once smothered by kudzu. It does not strangle competition, but simply blankets trees with a dense canopy, through which little light can penetrate.
Kudzu is distributed south as far as Florida, and as far west as eastern Oklahoma and Texas. The most severe infestations occur in the piedmont regions of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.
https://dnr.state.il.us/Stewardship/cd/biocontrol/25Kudzu.html
the plant produces the chemicals isoprene and nitric oxide, which combine with atmospheric nitrogen to produce ozone. Although it acts as a shield against UV rays in the upper atmosphere, at ground level, ozone is a pollutant that causes significant health problems in humans--including lung damage that can lead, to asthma and lung cancer--and can hinder growth in plants, including crops.
A232176854&docType=GALE&role=